Basic File Processing Operations

Physical File: A collection of bytes stored on a disk or tape.
Logical File: A channel (like a telephone line) that hides the details of the file’s location and physical format to the program.
iostream standard library , which provides cin and cout methods for reading from standard input and writing to standard output respectively.
Fstream is used to read and write from a file you require another standard C++ library, defines three new data types.
fstreams defines three new data types :

Data Type	Description
ofstream	represents the output file stream. used to create files and to write information to files.
ifstream	represents the input file stream. used to read information from files.
fstream	represents the file stream generally. has the capabilities of both ofstream and ifstream (Can create files, write information to files, and read information from files)

To perform file processing in C++, header files <iostream> and <fsteam> must be included in your C++ source file
A file must be opened before you can read from it or write to it
standard syntax for open () function is

void open (const char *filename, ios::openmode mode);

const char * filename specifies the name and location of the file to be opened

ios::openmode mode defines the mode in which the file should be opened

Data Type	Description
ios::app	`Append` mode. All output to that file to be appended to the end.
ios::ate	`Open a file` for output and move the read/write control to the end of the file
ios::in	Open a file for `reading`
ios::out	Open a file for `writing`
ios::trunc	If the file already exists, its contents will be truncated before opening the file.

If you want to open a file for reading and writing purposes, the following will be the syntax

fstream outfile; 
outfile.open("file.dat", ios::out | ios::in);

When a C++ program terminates it automatically closes, flushes all the streams, releases all the allocated memory and closes all the opened files.
The following is the standard syntax for close () function, which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects. void close ();
You can use an ofstream or fstream object instead of the cout object
You can use an ifstream or fstream object instead of the cin object.
Both istream and ostream provide member functions for repositioning the file-position pointer, are seekg ("seek get") for istream and seekp ("seek put") for ostream.
The first argument to seekg and seekp normally is a long integer
A second argument can be specified to indicate the seek direction.
The seek direction can be:

Data Type	Description
ios::beg	for positioning relative `to the beginning` of a stream.
ios::cur	for positioning relative `to the current position` in a stream
ios::end	for positioning relative to the `end` of a stream

Basic File Processing Operations

`Physical File:` A collection of bytes stored on a disk or tape.

`Logical File:` A channel (like a telephone line) that hides the details of the file’s location and physical format to the program.

`iostream` standard library , which provides `cin and cout` methods for reading from standard `input and writing` to standard output respectively.

`Fstream` is used to `read and write` from a file you require another standard C++ library, defines `three new data types`.

fstreams defines three new `data types` :

To perform file processing in C++, `header files <iostream> and <fsteam>` must be included in your C++ source file

A file must be opened before you can read from it or write to it

standard syntax for open () function is

If you want to open a file for `reading` and `writing` purposes, the following will be the syntax

When a C++ program terminates it `automatically closes`, flushes all the streams, releases all the allocated memory and closes all the opened files.

The following is the `standard syntax for close () function`, which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects. `void close ();`

You can use an `ofstream or fstream` object instead of the `cout` object

You can use an `ifstream or fstream` object instead of the `cin` object.

Both istream and ostream provide member functions for repositioning the file-position pointer, are `seekg ("seek get") for istream` and `seekp ("seek put") for ostream.`

The first argument to `seekg and seekp` normally is a `long integer`

A second argument can be `specified to indicate the seek direction`.

The seek direction can be:

Basic File Processing Operations

Physical File: A collection of bytes stored on a disk or tape.

Logical File: A channel (like a telephone line) that hides the details of the file’s location and physical format to the program.

iostream standard library , which provides cin and cout methods for reading from standard input and writing to standard output respectively.

Fstream is used to read and write from a file you require another standard C++ library, defines three new data types.

fstreams defines three new data types :

To perform file processing in C++, header files <iostream> and <fsteam> must be included in your C++ source file

A file must be opened before you can read from it or write to it

standard syntax for open () function is

If you want to open a file for reading and writing purposes, the following will be the syntax

When a C++ program terminates it automatically closes, flushes all the streams, releases all the allocated memory and closes all the opened files.

The following is the standard syntax for close () function, which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects. void close ();

You can use an ofstream or fstream object instead of the cout object

You can use an ifstream or fstream object instead of the cin object.

Both istream and ostream provide member functions for repositioning the file-position pointer, are seekg ("seek get") for istream and seekp ("seek put") for ostream.

The first argument to seekg and seekp normally is a long integer

A second argument can be specified to indicate the seek direction.

The seek direction can be:

`Physical File:` A collection of bytes stored on a disk or tape.

`Logical File:` A channel (like a telephone line) that hides the details of the file’s location and physical format to the program.

`iostream` standard library , which provides `cin and cout` methods for reading from standard `input and writing` to standard output respectively.

`Fstream` is used to `read and write` from a file you require another standard C++ library, defines `three new data types`.

fstreams defines three new `data types` :

To perform file processing in C++, `header files <iostream> and <fsteam>` must be included in your C++ source file

If you want to open a file for `reading` and `writing` purposes, the following will be the syntax

When a C++ program terminates it `automatically closes`, flushes all the streams, releases all the allocated memory and closes all the opened files.

The following is the `standard syntax for close () function`, which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects. `void close ();`

You can use an `ofstream or fstream` object instead of the `cout` object

You can use an `ifstream or fstream` object instead of the `cin` object.

Both istream and ostream provide member functions for repositioning the file-position pointer, are `seekg ("seek get") for istream` and `seekp ("seek put") for ostream.`

The first argument to `seekg and seekp` normally is a `long integer`

A second argument can be `specified to indicate the seek direction`.